Heracleum kurdicumsp. nov. (Apiaceae), a new species from Hakkari (Turkey)
kuyucak65@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT. Heracleum kurdicum Fırat, sp. nov. (Apiaceae), a new species is described from Hakkari province, Turkey. From a morphological point of view, the new species appears to be similar to Heracleum rawianum C.C.Towns., from which it differs in several morphological features including plant height, leaves and leaflets size and shape, rays number and length, number, size, indumentum of bracts and bracteoles, flowers number, indumentum of fruit, cross sections of mericarp, dorsal and commissural vittae number etc. A comprehensive description of the newly described species is provided, including detailed photographs, geographical distribution map, habitat and ecology, vernacular name and IUCN conservation status.
KEYWORDS: Turkey, Hakkari, Heracleum, endemic, new species.
RÉSUMÉ. Une espèce nouvelle, Heracleum kurdicum Fırat, sp. nov. (Apiaceae), est décrite de la province de Hakkari, Turquie. D’un point de vue morphologique, la nouvelle espèce semble être similaire à Heracleum rawianum C.C.Towns., dont elle diffère par plusieurs caractéristiques morphologiques, notamment la hauteur de la plante, la taille et la forme des feuilles et des folioles, le nombre et la longueur des rayons, le nombre, la taille, l’indument des bractées et des bractéoles, le nombre de fleurs, l’indument des fruits, les sections transversales du méricarpe, le nombre de vittae dorsales et commissurales, etc. Une description complète de l’espèce nouvellement décrite est fournie, y compris des photographies détaillées, une carte de distribution géographique, l’habitat et l’écologie, le nom vernaculaire et le statut de conservation de l’UICN.
The Umbelliferae family a total of 281 genera of have been recorded for the Asian continent (out of 469 known genera in the world) (Pimenov & Leonov 2004). The genus Ostroumova 2019). The Caucasus and Sino-Himalayan regions are the main centers of diversity for Pimenov & Leonov 1993; Pu & Watson 2005; Logacheva et al. 2008). The Caucasus (with 30 species), the Sino-Himalayan region (with 25 species), and Iran (with 11 species) are the main areas of its diversification and speciation (Pimenov & Leonov, 2004). With the recently published species of Tabad et al. 2021). Liu & Downie 2019). The main differences between et. al. 2021). Hosseinzadeh et al. (2019) reported that the taxon Davis 1972; Tkachenko 1993; Duran 2012). Güzel & Kayıkçı (2017) rediscovered
During field exploration carried out in 2001-2023 in Bala plateau of Cilo mountain region (eastern Turkiye), an unusual population of
The specimens from Bala plateau, Hakkari province Turkey, gathered in 2004, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2018, 2022 and 2023, were cross-checked with the identification keys provided by Mandenova (1951) in the flora of URSS, Davis (1972) in the flora of Turkey, Mandenova (1987) and Mozaffarian (2007) in the Flora Iranica and Townsend (2013) in the Flora of Iraq. And additionally the following necessary source of supply has been checked (Boissier 1872; Davis et. al. 1988; Duman 2000). Herbarium specimens from Van Flora Application and Research Center and Van Yüzüncü Yil University Faculty of Education (VANF and VHLV, acronyms according to Thiers 2023) were also examined and compared.
Images of the living material were taken with a Sony DSCR1 digital camera. Geographical coordinates were identified using a Magellan eXplorist 710 GPS. According to the grid system (Davis 1965) this new species grows in the C9 square (Fig. 1). A total of 10 herbarium specimens of the new species were collected from three adjacent localities and deposited in the herbaria VANF, VHLF and in the personal herbarium of the author (Herb. M. Fırat). The conservation status of the new species was assessed according to the IUCN criteria (IUCN 2017).
Fruit cross sections were taken manually. Due to its composition, Sartur reagent stains woody and corky tissues, oil and starch accumulated areas well and can accomplish this task with a single staining without the need for double or triple staining (Çelebioğlu & Baytop, 1949). Fruit cross-sections were stained with sartur reagent, as it enabled clear visualization of mericarp sections in Ecevit-Genç 2014; Eroğlu et. al. 2017).
- Family L.
- Genus
37°32’08”N, 43°56’39”E; dry and slightly moist meadows;
Flowering from June to July, fruiting from July to August.
This plant species is named after the Kurdish people who have inhabited this region (Kurdistan) since the earliest times of history.
Fig. 1).
Fırat 2013).
Fig. 1B), at c. 2700-2800 m elevation, with other interesting plants such as, Eryngium bornmuelleri Nab.,
The distribution area of
Turkey•C9 Hakkari, Bala plateau; 37°32’08”N, 43°56’39”E; dry and slightly moist meadows; 2747 m a.s.l.; 17.VII.2004; M. Fırat 7165; HUB! and Herb. M. Fırat!•ibid.; 24.VII.2011; M. Fırat 27200; HUB! and Herb. M. Fırat!•ibid.; 29.VII.2012; M. Fırat 28879; Herb. M. Fırat!•ibid.; 11.VII.2014; M. Fırat 31181; VHLV! and Herb. M. Fırat!•ibid.; 8.VII.2018; M. Fırat 34046; VHLV! and Herb. M. Fırat!•ibid.; 23.VII.2022; İ. Genç, G. Ecevit-Genç & M. Fırat 36155; VANF! and Herb. M. Fırat!•ibid.;11.VIII.2023; M. Fırat 40103; ANK and Herb. M. Fırat!
M. Fırat 7903; Herb. M. Fırat!•ibid.; 23.VII.2022; İ. Genç & G. Ecevit-GençM. Fırat 36159; Herb. M. Fırat!•B9 Van, Çatak, Kavuşşahap Mountains, rocky slopes; 3300 m a.s.l.; 10.VIII.2013; M. Fırat 30333; Herb. M. Fırat!;•ibid.; 15.VIII.2023; M. Fırat 40121; Herb. M. Fırat!
Perennial, tap-rooted. Stem 60-100 cm tall, erect, branched from middle and upper part, striate or grooved, slender, 2-7 mm in diameter at base, pubescent below, becoming sparsely pubescent to glabrous above. Basal leaves oblong to elliptic in outline, 20-55 × 6-17 cm (incl. petioles), 1-pinnate with 2-5 pairs of leaflets petiolulate or sessile, terminal segments ovate to orbicular, 3-9 × 2-8 cm, crenate-dentate at margin, minutely hairy on both sides. Petioles 5-9 cm, with a 1-2 cm sheath in basal leaves and a longer (2-3 cm) sheath in lower and middle cauline leaves. Cauline leaves similar to basal leaves, reduced to flowering part; lower and middle cauline leaves 1-pinnate, 10-28 × 3-9 cm, leaflets mostly sessile. Upper cauline leaves few, almost reduced to a 1-3 cm sheath. Synflorescence composed of long-pedunculate compound umbels with unequal, sparsely hairy, 5-16 cm long, 7-14 rays. Bracts absent or 1, 5-10 × 0.5-1.5 mm, linear-lanceolate, sparsely hairy. Flowers 18-30 in each umbellule, polygamous, with 5-16 mm long, unequal, hairy pedicels. Bracteoles 7-9, linear to subulate, unequal 1-5 mm long, sparsely hairy. Sepals obsolete or minute. Petals white, glabrous, outer petal strongly radiant; radiant petals ovate, c. 5 mm long, deeply bilobed, lobes ±incurved at apex; other petals ovate, c. 2 mm long, shallowly bilobed, incurved at apex. Ovary pubescent. Mericarp 9-12 × 6-9 mm, elliptic to obovate, strongly dorsally compressed, pubescent; Stylopodium short conical with ±undulate margin; styles 1.5-2 mm long, slender, deflexed; stigma capitate; Vittae subequal, the two inner slightly longer and attaining about 1/2-1/3 the length of the fruit on the dorsal surface, dorsal vittae 4, commissural vittae 2 or 1, vittae not reaching the ends of the fruit.
The exocarp was covered with cuticle and consisted of a single row of epidermal cells. Different sized parenchymal cells made up the mesocarp. Three to four rows of sclerenchymatous cells made up the endocarp. Different sized parenchymal cells made up the margins. The wings stretched perpendicular to the fruit's axis and were made up of eight to ten rows of sclerenchymatous cells. Each mericarp had four dorsal vittae, which were made up of a single row of parenchymal cells. The same as dorsal vittae, 2 or 1 commissural vittae in fruit. There were three vascular bundles that connected the dorsal vittae. The fruit axis was parallel to the extension of the sclerenchymatous cells. The raphes are consisted of sclerenchymatous cells (Fig. 8).
Table 1). Fig. 9B1), so the habitats of
Since Çil (2010) studied the fruit anatomy of many
The genus
I would like to thank Prof. Dr Ahmet Duran for his opinion that the specimen is different from the pictures and for answering some of my questions about the family
A, Distribution map of:
black triangle,
green circle,
red square,
yellow inverse bullet,
red hollow square,
B, general habitat of
M. Fırat 30271):
A, habit;
B, basal leaf.
A, cauline leaves and synflorescence;
B, umbel in flower;
C, umbel in immature fruit;
D, umbel mature fruit;
E, umbel ripe fruit.
A,
M. Fırat 30271, VANF).
B,
M. Fırat 30271):
A, dorsal view (with subequal vittae 1/2-1/3 length and pubescent);
B, commissural view (with two vittae);
C, commissural view (with one vitta). Scale bars: 1 mm.
A, Dorsal view of mericarp:
A1,
M. Fırat 30794);
A2,
M. Fırat 30333);
A3,
M. Fırat 30271);
B, commissural view of mericarp:
B1,
M. Fırat 30794);
B2,
M. Fırat 30333);
B3,
M. Fırat 30271). Scale bar: 5 mm.
A,
M. Fırat 30271);
B,
M. Fırat 30271);
C,
M. Fırat 30333);
D,
M. Fırat 30794). Abbreviations:
cv, commissural vitta;
dv, dorsal vitta;
en, endocarp;
ex, exocarp;
h, hair;
m, mesocarp;
r, raphe;
s, seed;
vb, vascular bundle. Scale bars: 500 µm.
A,
M. Fırat 30271):
A1, habit;
A2, basal leaf;
A3, umbel;
A4, umbellule;
B,
M. Fırat 30333):
B1, habit;
B2, basal leaf;
B3, umbel with a lateral ray wery long;
B4, umbellule;
C,
M. Fırat 30794):
C1, habit;
C2, basal leaf;
C3, umbel;
C4, umbellule.
A, Umbel of
M. Fırat 30271);
B, umbel of
M. Fırat 30333);
C, umbel of
M. Fırat 30794).
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